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Last week I visited a friend who was staying on the 6th floor of the Medina Apartments in Railway Square (formerly a huge Post Office). Here's the view from the balcony. We're looking north into the heart of the Central Business District (CBD). To the left, out of shot, is Chinatown. You can see that the London plane trees in the middle distance are just starting to acquire an autumnal yellowish tinge.
This part of Sydney is "backpacker central". The huge Youth Hostels of Australia (YHA) hostel is the red-brown building behind the elegant brick one at the intersection. It's another hostel, called Wake Up! There's another YHA hostel incorporating the buildings along Platform 1 of Central Station. Also in the area, numerous small hostels of varying reputation, and hotels. It continues the tradition of travellers' hotels clustering around major rail terminals (see final picture below).
The road just out of shot in the top photo, to the left is George St, one of the city's main thoroughfares. Follow it all the way along, through Chinatown, the cinema district to the shopping area and past several office towers, and 3.2 kilometres later, you'll end up at the harbour at Circular Quay.
George St begins here, as an extension of Broadway. The other leg of the V-intersection is the beginning of Pitt St - it's the tree-lined one. Both roads are seen in the pic below.
George St was named in 1810 by Governor Lachlan Macquarie for King George III, then King of the United Kingdom, and of course the colony in Australia. Until then it had been known as High St. Interesting, because it was in 1810 that George had the final relapse of his mental illness (possibly caused by porphyria) and his eldest son was installed as the Prince Regent. Pitt St was named after Prime Minister William Pitt (the Younger), whom George III installed as PM. Pitt's appointment proved that as King he was able to appoint Prime Ministers on the basis of his own interpretation of the public mood without having to follow the choice of the current majority in the House of Commons. Throughout Pitt's ministry, George supported many of Pitt's political aims and created new peers at an unprecedented rate to increase the number of Pitt's supporters in the House of Lords.
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Below: Railway (then Central) Square about 1908, when this part of Sydney was the centre of the retail trade. Note the Crystal Palace Hotel on the left.